Separating From Britain

Separating From Britain: The Declaration Of Independence: Enlightenment and the American Intellectual Tradition
a. Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography (1784-88)
Benjamin Franklin was American printer and publisher, businessman, statesman, man of letters, journalist, author, inventor and scientist, and diplomat. He was the American Enlightenment. His struggle of life influenced American people. Since he was young he likes much reading the books. He makes time for reading an hour or two each day. His thinking shows that by reading everything the people will get much advantage and also find the brilliant thought in daily life. It will shape the people thinking in seeing and judging the problems based on their experience. In religious aspect he argue that people could not miss of having some morality: Keeping holy the Sabbath Day, Being diligent in reading Holy Scriptures, Attending duly the public worship, Partaking of the Sacrament, and paying a due respect to God’s minister.
Benjamin Franklin use his time wisely. He do not want lost his time in vain. In order to manage his time well, he makes a schedule from his waking until his time of sleeping. He really spend the time in to good account. He evaluate his daily activities by checking the draft of doing a good deeds. He can control his daily life and also make improvement toward the next days. His ambition of habits are: temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity, and humility.
Based on the reality above, Benjamin Franklin really endeavor to make his life in a high quality. He believes that when the human being life in a peace and doing the good deeds consequently will please in meeting with the God.

b. John Adams, A Dissertation on The Canon and the Feudal Law (1765)
Two great causes of the ruin of mankind are ignorance and inconsideration. By this quotation John Adams start thinking about the Feudal Law. Because man has certainly an exalted soul, man should be treated well. Rights of human being cannot be replaced with anything. The people should get the proper right based on their rights created justice. The two greatest of tyranny are Canon and Feudal Law. The great desire will lead into so much good and so much evil is in vice versa. The most important thing is the liberty of universal where everything is run as it should be. When the people get the freedom they would like to live in peace without intimidation and fear since fear can be the source of human suffering. They could open the heaven as prepared God for anyone who do the did in the right tract. Therefore I conclude that by seeing the fact, John Adams idea tends to shows that the Revolution of the government was in the minds and hearts of the people, a change in their religious sentiments of their duties and obligations.

World War 1

WORLD WAR I
Wilson's most passionate desire, aside from avoiding belligerency, was to end the war through his personal mediation. He sent Colonel House to Europe in early 1915 to explore the possibilities of peace and again early in 1916 to press for a plan of Anglo-American cooperation for peace. The British refused to cooperate, and the president, more than ever eager to avoid a final confrontation with Germany on the submarine issue, decided to press forward with independent mediation. He was by this time also angered by the intensification of British blockade practices and convinced that both sides were fighting for world domination and spoils. On Dec. 18, 1916, Wilson asked the belligerents to state the terms upon which they would be willing to make peace.
The Social Change 1920s
The Red Scare was over within a year, but a general distrust of foreigners, liberal reform movements, and organized labor remained throughout the 1920s. In fact, many viewed Harding's landslide victory in 1920 as repudiation of Wilson's internationalism and of the reforms of the Progressive era.
The new social change women work out side because of social and economic independence. The women emancipated demand the equality in all aspect to men. Talking about sex is more open. Leisure activities became more important, professional sports boomed, and the rapid growth of tabloid newspapers, magazines, movies, and radios enabled millions to share in the exciting world of speakeasies, flappers, and jazz music, even if only vicariously.
The Great Depression
Industrial production soon followed the stock market, giving rise to the worst unemployment the country had ever seen. By 1933, at least a quarter of the work force was unemployed. Adjusted for deflation, salaries had fallen by 40 percent and industrial wages by 60 percent.
The causes of the Great Depression were many and various. Agriculture had collapsed in 1919. It was a continuing source of weakness. Because of poor regulatory policies, many banks were overextended. Wages had not kept up with profits, and by the late 1920s, consumers were reaching the limits of their ability to borrow and spend. Production had already begun to decline and unemployment to rise before the crash. The crash, which was inevitable since stock prices were much in excess of real value, greatly accelerated every bad tendency, destroying the confidence of investors and consumers alike.
The New Deal and Reform
Roosevelt took office amid a terrifying bank crisis that had forced many states to suspend banking activities. He acted quickly to restore public confidence. On Inaugural Day, March 4, 1933, he declared, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” The next day he halted trading in gold and declared a national “bank holiday. The new deal also cavers the agricultural recovery, and business recovery. Its also brings the new deal in neutralize supreme court that they make social security act and revising constitutional law concerning government regulation law.

Progressivism

PROGRESSIVISM

Jane Adam ( Subjective Necessity of Social settlement ) 1892
Jane Adam was one of the most influential and indefatigable social reformers in all American History. The Subjective Necessity of Social settlement is also a strong statement of “social gospel”. The settlement is one of means communication. The necessity of settlement was greater in America. Based on her analysis, the early Roman Christian brings the Gospel message to love all men, with a certain joyous simplicity. All the truth is one and all appropriation is it freedom. There should be help each other and respect others whether they are educated or not and all of people has their own strength and weakness. Solidarity should be built between neighbors and the race. The settlement then is regarded as the solution of the social and industrial problem.
Thorstein Veblen (The Theory Of Leisure Class ) 1899
Social society develops changes as its altered situation. Social advance, especially in economic theory consist in continued progressive approach to adjustment of inner relation to outer relation. The leisure class is in great measure sheltered from the stress of those economic exigencies which prevail in any modern, highly organised industrial community. The leisure class is the conservative class. The leisure class is very difficult in accepting the innovation. Conservatism among them is strongly exist and not easy to be changed. The characteristics of the class is whatever is, is right whereas he law of natural selection as applied to human institutions, gives the axiom whatever is, is wrong. Wrong is something that is no relation between the past and the present. Therefore, the leisure class is still need improvement way of thinking in accepting the changes of the life based on the development of science and technology.
Wendell Holmes (Natural Law) 1918
We have to fight if only we want to live longer. The fight is only not in the war but the fight in all aspect of life. We supposed do the good thing as we want that natural and universe would treat us. We only a part of universe that we cannot change the world but we can change started from our individual self. The natural law will exist without suspect by the power of the nature. The universe has its more than we do understand. The power and its sources are unpredictable.
Reinhold Neibuhr ( The Children of Light and the Children Of Darkness ) 1944
The children of the world or the children of the darkness are who know no law beyond their will and interest. The children of the light are who believe that self-interest should be brought under the discipline of a higher law. The children of the darkness are evil and children of the light are good it is because of their attitude toward the law. The children of the light should have the wisdom of the children of the dark in order to shape the interest, the will and also for the better society of social justice.

What is American (Frances Trollope 1780 – 1863)

What is American (Frances Trollope 1780 – 1863)
Frances Trollope is a novelist and miscellaneous writer. She was born at Stapleton near Bristol. She married in 1809 Thomas, a querulous lawyer, who fell into financial misfortune. She then in 1827 went with her family to Cincinnati, where the efforts which she made to survive were unsuccessful for two years. Her one hope was to make a book out of her experiences. On her return to England, however, she brought herself into notice by publishing Domestic Manners of the Americans (1832), in which she gave a very unfavorable and grossly exaggerated account of the subject. The mocking by contemporary European travelers about American proud and vulgarity, such as Trollope's notorious critique of the Domestic Manners of the Americans, hurt domestic readers because, however overdrawn, they could not be easily dismissed. Many foreign visitors believed, Trollope among them, that American egalitarianism simply fomented a culture of crude familiarity and rudeness, particularly at the dining table.
Domestics Manner of the Americans tells us about how actually the manner of American people. They should behave politely in daily activities. Especially in dining table. They should not behave in such manner. Respecting the dinner, the people and also the menu would pleased them and more comfort in spending the dinner time. They spend their menu by using the blade of knife until the whole blade seemed to enter into the mouth. Seeing the idea that is written in Domestics Manner of the Americans actually it is not only criticize the dinning table but also the manner of Americans people in daily life. As she said at the Domestics Manner of the Americans “ I don’t like them. I do not like their principle, I do not like their manner, I do not like their opinion”. She announced that The American exhibited a total want of manners, both in males and females. They were inquisitive, boring, uncultivated, uncouth, humorless and self- satisfied. The American behavior in How they treat others people is still questioning. Some of them do not give the totally rights as human being. They still differentiate between man and women even white and black and also the rights of slave and Indian. Therefore it is a great way to steal the attention of Americans people to start thinking about their manner to be good manner.
Besides Domestics Manner of the Americans , she also write a novel, The Refugee in America (1832), pursued it on similar lines. Next came the three novels The Adventures of Jonathan Jefferson Whitlaw; or Scene on the Mississippi (1836), The Barnabus in America (1843), and The Old world and The New: a Novel (1849). Thereafter she continued to pour forth novels and books on miscellaneous subjects, writing in all over 100 volumes. Though possessed of considerable powers of observation and a sharp and caustic wit, such an output was fatal to permanent literary success, and none of her books are now read. She spent the last 20 years of her life at Florence, then she died in 1863.